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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">C++ 具名要求：</span> <i>字符特征</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CharTraits)</span> </h1>
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<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> 容器元素</td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="OutputIterator.html" title="cpp/named req/OutputIterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>LegacyOutputIterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="InputIterator.html" title="cpp/named req/InputIterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>LegacyInputIterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="ForwardIterator.html" title="cpp/named req/ForwardIterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>LegacyForwardIterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="BidirectionalIterator.html" title="cpp/named req/BidirectionalIterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>LegacyBidirectionalIterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="RandomAccessIterator.html" title="cpp/named req/RandomAccessIterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>LegacyRandomAccessIterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="ContiguousIterator.html" title="cpp/named req/ContiguousIterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>LegacyContiguousIterator</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="ConstexprIterator.html" title="cpp/named req/ConstexprIterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>ConstexprIterator</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> 流 I/O</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="FormattedInputFunction.html" title="cpp/named req/FormattedInputFunction"><span class="t-lines"><span>FormattedInputFunction</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="UnformattedInputFunction.html" title="cpp/named req/UnformattedInputFunction"><span class="t-lines"><span>UnformattedInputFunction</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="FormattedOutputFunction.html" title="cpp/named req/FormattedOutputFunction"><span class="t-lines"><span>FormattedOutputFunction</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="UnformattedOutputFunction.html" title="cpp/named req/UnformattedOutputFunction"><span class="t-lines"><span>UnformattedOutputFunction</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> 随机数</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="SeedSequence.html" title="cpp/named req/SeedSequence"><span class="t-lines"><span>SeedSequence</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="RandomNumberEngine.html" title="cpp/named req/RandomNumberEngine"><span class="t-lines"><span>RandomNumberEngine</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="RandomNumberDistribution.html" title="cpp/named req/RandomNumberDistribution"><span class="t-lines"><span>RandomNumberDistribution</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="UniformRandomBitGenerator.html" title="cpp/named req/UniformRandomBitGenerator"><span class="t-lines"><span>UniformRandomBitGenerator</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="RandomNumberEngineAdaptor.html" title="cpp/named req/RandomNumberEngineAdaptor"><span class="t-lines"><span>RandomNumberEngineAdaptor</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> 并发</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="BasicLockable.html" title="cpp/named req/BasicLockable"><span class="t-lines"><span>BasicLockable</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="Lockable.html" title="cpp/named req/Lockable"><span class="t-lines"><span>Lockable</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="TimedLockable.html" title="cpp/named req/TimedLockable"><span class="t-lines"><span>TimedLockable</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="Mutex.html" title="cpp/named req/Mutex"><span class="t-lines"><span>Mutex</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="TimedMutex.html" title="cpp/named req/TimedMutex"><span class="t-lines"><span>TimedMutex</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="SharedMutex.html" title="cpp/named req/SharedMutex"><span class="t-lines"><span>SharedMutex</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="SharedTimedMutex.html" title="cpp/named req/SharedTimedMutex"><span class="t-lines"><span>SharedTimedMutex</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> 其他</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>CharTraits</span></span></strong></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="RegexTraits.html" title="cpp/named req/RegexTraits"><span class="t-lines"><span>RegexTraits</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="BitmaskType.html" title="cpp/named req/BitmaskType"><span class="t-lines"><span>BitmaskType</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="NumericType.html" title="cpp/named req/NumericType"><span class="t-lines"><span>NumericType</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="LiteralType.html" title="cpp/named req/LiteralType"><span class="t-lines"><span>LiteralType</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="UnaryTypeTrait.html" title="cpp/named req/UnaryTypeTrait"><span class="t-lines"><span>UnaryTypeTrait</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="BinaryTypeTrait.html" title="cpp/named req/BinaryTypeTrait"><span class="t-lines"><span>BinaryTypeTrait</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="TransformationTrait.html" title="cpp/named req/TransformationTrait"><span class="t-lines"><span>TransformationTrait</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="Clock.html" title="cpp/named req/Clock"><span class="t-lines"><span>Clock</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-named-req-table"><div><a href="TrivialClock.html" title="cpp/named req/TrivialClock"><span class="t-lines"><span>TrivialClock</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p><strong class="selflink"><i>字符特征</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CharTraits)</span> </strong>是特性类，它抽象给定字符类型的基本字符和字符串操作。大多数标准库字符串类和输入/输出类要求伴随对应字符模板类型形参的<i>字符特征</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CharTraits)</span> 模板类型。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A6.81.E6.B1.82">要求</span></h3>
<p><i>字符特征</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CharTraits)</span> 上的操作均不可抛出异常。
</p><p>给定
</p>
<ul><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">CharT</span></span> ，字符类型
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">CharT</span></span> 的<i>字符特征</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CharTraits)</span> 类型
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c, d</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">CharT</span></span> 类型值
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">p, q</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> CharT<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> 类型值
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">s</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">CharT<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> 类型值
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">n, i, j</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">std::<span class="me2">size_t</span></span></a></span></span> 类型值
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e, f</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">int_type</span></span></span> 类型值
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">pos</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">pos_type</span></span></span> 类型值
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">state</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">state_type</span></span></span> 类型值
</li><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">r</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">CharT</span></span> 类型左值
</li></ul>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>表达式</th>
<th>返回类型</th>
<th>语义</th>
<th>复﻿杂﻿度
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">char_type</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">CharT</span></span> </td>
<td> 用于指代字符类型 </td>
<td> 编译时
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">int_type</span></span></span> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> 能保有 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">char_type</span></span></span> 的所有合法值加 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">eof</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 的类型 </td>
<td> 编译时
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">off_type</span></span></span> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> 以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X</span></span> 为输入/输出类中的特性模板形参时，若此类型非 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../io/streamoff.html"><span class="kw1803">std::<span class="me2">streamoff</span></span></a></span></span> 则引起实现定义行为。 </td>
<td> 编译时
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">pos_type</span></span></span> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>
<ul><li> 输入/输出类中的函数返回此类型，以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">pos_type</span><span class="br0">(</span>X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">off_type</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为提示错误的非法值
</li><li> 以此类型的非法值为任何接收此类型值的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../io/basic_istream.html"><span class="kw1727">std::<span class="me2">istream</span></span></a></span></span> 、 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../io/basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1729">std::<span class="me2">ostream</span></span></a></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../io/basic_streambuf.html"><span class="kw1724">std::<span class="me2">streambuf</span></span></a></span></span> 成员的实参是未定义行为
</li><li> 在以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X</span></span> 为输入/输出类中的特性模板形参时，若此类型非 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../io/fpos.html"><span class="kw1806">std::<span class="me2">streampos</span></span></a></span></span> 则引起实现定义行为
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 编译时
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">state_type</span></span></span> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> <a href="Destructible.html" title="cpp/named req/Destructible"><i>可析构</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Destructible)</span> </a>、<a href="CopyAssignable.html" title="cpp/named req/CopyAssignable"><i>可复制赋值</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyAssignable)</span> </a>、<a href="CopyConstructible.html" title="cpp/named req/CopyConstructible"><i>可复制构造</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span> </a>、<a href="DefaultConstructible.html" title="cpp/named req/DefaultConstructible"><i>可默认构造</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(DefaultConstructible)</span> </a> </td>
<td> 编译时
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">eq</span><span class="br0">(</span>c,d<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span> </td>
<td> 返回：是否把 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span> 当做等于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">d</span></span> </td>
<td> 常数
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">lt</span><span class="br0">(</span>c,d<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span> </td>
<td> 返回：是否把 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span> 当做小于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">d</span></span> </td>
<td> 常数
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">compare</span><span class="br0">(</span>p,q,n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> </td>
<td> 返回：
<ul><li> 0 ，若对 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span>,n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 中的每个 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">i</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span>, q<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 true
</li><li> 否则为负值，若
<ul><li> 对 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span>,n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 中的某个 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">j</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​lt<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">[</span>j<span class="br0">]</span>, q<span class="br0">[</span>j<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 true ，且
</li><li> 对 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span>,j<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 中的每个 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">i</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span>, q<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 true
</li></ul>
</li><li> 否则为正值
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 线性
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">length</span><span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">std::<span class="me2">size_t</span></span></a></span></span> </td>
<td> 返回：使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span>, CharT<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 true 的最小 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">i</span></span> </td>
<td> 线性
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​find<span class="br0">(</span>p,n,c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​char_type<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> </td>
<td> 返回：
<ul><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span>p, p<span class="sy2">+</span>n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 中的最小 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">q</span></span> ，使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>q, c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 true
</li><li> 否则为零
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 线性
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​move<span class="br0">(</span>s,p,n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​char_type<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> </td>
<td>
<ul><li> 对 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span>,n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 中的每个 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">i</span></span> 进行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​assign<span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span>, p<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span>
</li><li> 即使范围 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span>p,p<span class="sy2">+</span>n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span>s,s<span class="sy2">+</span>n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 重叠也能正确复制
</li><li> 返回： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">s</span></span>
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 线性
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​copy<span class="br0">(</span>s,p,n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​char_type<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> </td>
<td>
<ul><li> 要求： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">p</span></span> 不在 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span>s,s<span class="sy2">+</span>n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 中
</li><li> 返回： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">s</span></span>
</li><li> 对 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span>,n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 中每个 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">i</span></span> 进行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​assign<span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span>, p<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span>
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 线性
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​assign<span class="br0">(</span>r,d<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> （不使用） </td>
<td> 赋值 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">r <span class="sy1">=</span> d</span></span> </td>
<td> 常量
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​assign<span class="br0">(</span>s,n,c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​char_type<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> </td>
<td>
<ul><li> 对 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span>,n<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 中每个 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">i</span></span> 进行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​assign<span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span>, c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。
</li><li> 返回： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">s</span></span>
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 线性
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​not_eof<span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​int_type</span></span> </td>
<td> 返回：
<ul><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e</span></span> ，若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>e, X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 false
</li><li> 否则为使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>f, X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 false 的值 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">f</span></span>
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 常数
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​to_char_type<span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​char_type</span></span> </td>
<td> 返回：
<ul><li> 若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>e, X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​to_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>c<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 对某个 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span> 为 true 则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span>
</li><li> 否则为某未指定值
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 常数
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​to_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​int_type</span></span> </td>
<td> 返回： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">to_char_type</span></span></span> 和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">eq_int_type</span></span></span> 的定义所制约的某值 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e</span></span> </td>
<td> 常数
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>e,f<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span> </td>
<td>
<ul><li> 对于所有 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span> 和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">d</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq<span class="br0">(</span>c,d<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 等于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​to_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>c<span class="br0">)</span>, X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​to_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>d<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span>
</li><li> 返回：
<ul><li> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq<span class="br0">(</span>c,d<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，若对于某 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span> 和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">d</span></span> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e <span class="sy1">==</span> X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">to_int_type</span><span class="br0">(</span>c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 且 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">f <span class="sy1">==</span> X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">to_int_type</span><span class="br0">(</span>d<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>
</li><li> 否则为 true ，若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e</span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">f</span></span> 都是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 的副本
</li><li> 否则为 false ，若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e</span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">f</span></span> 之一为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 的副本而另一者不是
</li><li> 否则值未指定
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</td>
<td> 常数
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> </td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​int_type</span></span> </td>
<td> 返回：使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​eq_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>e, X​<span class="sy4">::</span>​to_int_type<span class="br0">(</span>c<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 对于所有值 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span> 为 false 的值 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e</span></span> </td>
<td> 常量
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.87.E5.87.86.E5.BA.93">标准库</span></h3>
<p>下列标准库类模板要求<i>字符特征</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CharTraits)</span> 作为模板类型形参：
</p>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../string/basic_string.html" title="cpp/string/basic string"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_string</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>   存储并操作字符序列 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../string/basic_string_view.html" title="cpp/string/basic string view"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_string_view</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>  只读的字符串视图 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_ios.html" title="cpp/io/basic ios"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ios</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  管理任意流缓冲 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_istream.html" title="cpp/io/basic istream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_istream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  包装给定的抽象设备（<span class="t-lc"><a href="../io/basic_streambuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic streambuf">std::basic_streambuf</a></span>）<br>并提供高层输入接口 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_ifstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ifstream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ifstream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  实现高层文件流输入操作 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_istringstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic istringstream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_istringstream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  实现高层字符串流输入操作 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_ostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ostream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  包装给定的抽象设备（<span class="t-lc"><a href="../io/basic_streambuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic streambuf">std::basic_streambuf</a></span>）<br>并提供高层输出接口 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_ofstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ofstream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ofstream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  实现高层文件流输出操作 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_ostringstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostringstream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ostringstream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  实现高层字符串流输出操作 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_osyncstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic osyncstream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_osyncstream</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>  同步输出流的包装 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_iostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic iostream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_iostream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  包装给定的抽象设备（<span class="t-lc"><a href="../io/basic_streambuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic streambuf">std::basic_streambuf</a></span>）<br>并提供高层输入/输出接口 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_fstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic fstream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_fstream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  实现高层文件流输入/输出操作 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_stringstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic stringstream"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_stringstream</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  实现高层字符串流输入/输出操作 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/istream_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/istream iterator"> <span class="t-lines"><span>istream_iterator</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  从 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../io/basic_istream.html" title="cpp/io/basic istream">std::basic_istream</a></span> 读取的输入迭代器 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/ostream_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/ostream iterator"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ostream_iterator</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  写入 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../io/basic_ostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostream">std::basic_ostream</a></span> 的输出迭代器 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_streambuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic streambuf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_streambuf</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  抽象原生设备 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_filebuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic filebuf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_filebuf</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  抽象原生文件设备 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_stringbuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic stringbuf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_stringbuf</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  实现原生字符串设备 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../io/basic_syncbuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic syncbuf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>basic_syncbuf</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>  同步输出设备的包装 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/istreambuf_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/istreambuf iterator"> <span class="t-lines"><span>istreambuf_iterator</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  从 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../io/basic_streambuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic streambuf">std::basic_streambuf</a></span> 读取的输入迭代器 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/ostreambuf_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/ostreambuf iterator"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ostreambuf_iterator</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>  写入 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../io/basic_streambuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic streambuf">std::basic_streambuf</a></span> 的输出迭代器 <br> <span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span> </td></tr>
</table>
<p><br>
下列标准库类满足<i>字符特征</i> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CharTraits)</span> ：
</p>
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<tr class="t-dcl">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> char_traits<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br>
<p><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> char_traits<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br>
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> char_traits<span class="sy1">&lt;</span>char8_t<span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br>
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> char_traits<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw4">char16_t</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br>
</p>
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> char_traits<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw4">char32_t</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad">  </td>
<td> <br><br><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span><br><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>

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